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Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…response with pronounced bradycardia. Most cardioinhibitory events are due to sinus bradycardia, though transient atrioventricular (AV) block can also occur. The physiologic response to orthostatic…

Oxygen therapy

…as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation . What usually goes wrong is not that the patient…

🟠 Hypertensive emergency (crisis) - Drugs, doses & management

…hours is 1000 mL. Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine…

Hypertensive emergency (crisis)

…hours is 1000 mL. Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not merely detoxification. Benzodiazepines reduce the…

🟠 Hydralazine

Hydralazine Hydralazine is not preferred for hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ®…

🟠 Nicardipine

…Adverse effects Tachycardia. Headache. Flushing. Edema. Dizziness. Caution Should be used cautiously in patients with myocardial ischemia and/or heart failure. Nicardipine doses and administration…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…Suggests : : Nystagmus that is purely vertical, downbeating or direction changing Central cause Nystagmus without latency that does not fatigue Central cause New headache, neck pain…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…immediate treatment with hypertonic sodium chloride, whether the hyponatraemia is acute or chronic. The aim is to relieve the cerebral oedema quickly, not to normalise…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…clearly labelled. A laxative and an antiemetic prescribed at the same time as the opioid — not afterwards. A current creatinine with the eGFR, the weight…

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