…whereas heterozygous carriers of an X linked condition may develop a phenotype later and require delayed or individualized assessment. Disease specific genetic architecture HCM is…

…management because LDL and other apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins play a causal role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This causal relationship is supported by genetic…

…as the procedure carries both benefits (life saving therapy) and risks (e.g., device related complications). Monitoring disease progression By periodically recalculating the SCD risk…

… enhancement of a prothrombotic state. Its atherogenic and inflammatory effects may be mediated partly by oxidized phospholipids carried on the particle. Genetic and Mendelian randomization…

…sporadic, age related disease characterized by a normal TTR genetic sequence [9, 19]. It is currently considered the most frequent form of CA worldwide [15]…

…the same broad category as a patient with coronary artery disease when clinically appropriate. Other coronary anomalies Anomalous coronary origin and course can impair coronary…

…The magnitude of untreated LDL C elevation. The presence and age of onset of premature CAD or other vascular disease. A history of myocardial infarction…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions J wave syndromes: early repolarization pattern, Brugada syndrome, hypercalcemia and hypothermia The J wave – also referred to as Osborn's…

…cardiac tamponade. The classical signs of cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart sounds and jugular venous distention. Other frequent symptoms are pulsus paradoxus, pericardial friction…

…refers to inflammation of the myocardial (muscle) tissue. However, it is often difficult to differentiate pericarditis and myocarditis, and they tend to accompany each other…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, apical ballooning syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) is a rather peculiar…

…segment elevations in leads V1–V3. Prevalence and genetics of Brugada syndrome The prevalence of Brugada syndrome remains largely unknown. Available data suggest that it…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions The early repolarization pattern and syndrome: from ECG criteria to management Although the early repolarization pattern has…

…arrhythmias were observed in the fifth decade of life in several family members. Imaging studies did not reveal structural cardiac abnormalities, nor coronary artery disease…

…genetic mechanisms underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are complicated and some gene variants may only cause hypertrophy under certain loading conditions (i.e in the presence of…

…the disease is one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac arrest among adolescents and athletes (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause). Genetic…

…European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines advocate for ICD implantation in high risk LQTS patients, emphasizing a comprehensive risk assessment that includes genetic factors and…

…European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines advocate for ICD implantation in high risk LQTS patients, emphasizing a comprehensive risk assessment that includes genetic factors and…

…Moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia Other markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic…

…a true cause of coronary artery disease. What is the evidence? The evidence is vast. Some examples follow. Consider people with the genetic disorder familial…

…The genetic evidence provides the rationale for therapeutic inhibition. Gain of function PCSK9 mutations are associated with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and premature coronary heart disease…

…arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications, electrolyte disorders)…

…environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only…

…to renal or hepatic impairment or the inhibition of cytochrome P450 metabolism [1]. Nonmodifiable risk factors encompass female sex, underlying genetic predisposition, structural heart disease…

…manifest under two primary circumstances: Due to a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents…

…genes have been discovered. Genetic testing for DCM Genetic testing of patients with confirmed or likely dilated cardiomyopathy can be recommended. There are several commercially…

…complex scar related and genetic substrates. Furthermore, it critically examines the diagnostic algorithms for wide complex tachycardia (WCT), the acute management of both stable and…

…prediction tool currently exists. At the other end, roughly two thirds of ICDs implanted for reduced LVEF never deliver an appropriate shock, so the false…

…drinking in either sex. Other definitions of unhealthy drinking include at least two drinks daily in women or three in men, or at least four…

…with fibroproliferative, plexogenic, and sometimes thrombotic changes that may result in near total obliteration of affected vessels. Genetic, molecular, and acquired factors may interact in…

…current ($I {Na}$) and are identified in 20% to 30% of probands [7] . Historically, expanded genetic panels implicated over 20 other genes (e.g.…

…more likely to embolize (Cardiac Thromboembolism). There are genetic syndromes that result in the emergence of multiple myxomas. Papillary fibroelastoma Papillary fibroelastoma is benign primary…

…recorded causes of cardiac arrest with a separate category for cardiac etiologies. Cause Definition Medical cause Includes cardiac arrest caused by heart disease, other medical…

…pronounced symptoms and other therapies have failed. Patients with structural heart disease or reduced left ventricular function are not eligible. Effects of propafenone and flecainide…

…is increasingly driven by the global epidemics of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome [58] . Hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) remain the most potent…

…cytometry and genetics, while the biopsy shows marrow architecture and cellularity. What usually ruins the examination is not the technique but the handling of the…

…induced cardiotoxicity Trade Name Generic/Proper Name(s) Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity Hyaluronic Acid HYALURONIC…

…G enetic factors (e.g., CYP2C9 variants) (1 point) E xcessive fall risk (1 point) S troke (1 point) HEMORR₂HAGES Score Risk category Incidence of…

…h. Classification of ventricular tachycardia (VT). ECG showing polymorphic ventricular tachycardia degenerating into ventricular fibrillation. By Bagnall et al: BMC Medical Genetics 15 (2014): 99…

…h. Classification of ventricular tachycardia (VT). ECG showing polymorphic ventricular tachycardia degenerating into ventricular fibrillation. By Bagnall et al: BMC Medical Genetics 15 (2014): 99…