…whereas heterozygous carriers of an X linked condition may develop a phenotype later and require delayed or individualized assessment. Disease specific genetic architecture HCM is…

…oxidized phospholipids carried on the particle. Genetic and Mendelian randomization studies support a causal relationship between Lp(a) associated genetic variants and coronary artery disease…

…Individuals with established clinical ASCVD require LDL C lowering to reduce recurrent major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease events and mortality…

…for heart failure and arrhythmias. Family History of Sudden Cardiac Death (FHSCD) : A history of SCD in close relatives suggests a genetic predisposition to arrhythmias…

…hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in the 3 years preceding diagnosis is also a notable red flag [8]. Furthermore, intolerance to…

…Atherosclerotic disease appears more likely to develop in the arterial segment proximal to the bridge, particularly in older adults. Consequently, an adult with bridging and…

…artery disease (CAD). FH results from pathogenic variants affecting proteins in the hepatic LDL receptor pathway. Reduced cellular uptake and clearance of LDL leads to…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions J wave syndromes: early repolarization pattern, Brugada syndrome, hypercalcemia and hypothermia The J wave – also referred to as Osborn's…

…space. Note that tachycardia, pulmonary embolism and ischemia may also cause electrical alternans. PQ segment depression. Sinus tachycardia. Refer to Figure 1 . Figure 1. Electrical…

…clinical characteristics and ECG features of pericarditis will be discussed here. From a clinical point of view, clinicians must be able to separate pericarditis from…

…induced cardiomyopathy) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) is a rather peculiar and certainly acute condition. Much research has been devoted to it in recent years…

…2016) more than 12 genetic mutations have been associated with the Brugada syndrome. These mutations are located in genes encoding potassium and calcium channels of…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions The early repolarization pattern and syndrome: from ECG criteria to management Although the early repolarization pattern has…

…cardiovascular disease, were negative. Summary Bundgaard et al have presumably identified a novel familial (autosomal dominant) cardiac syndrome. The underlying genetic abnormality is yet to…

Echocardiography Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): from pathophysiology to echocardiography Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder that causes left ventricular hypertrophy under normal loading conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy…

…the ventricular wall becomes thinner and the ventricle begins to dilate. Approximately 50% of cases exhibit biventricular cardiomyopathy, although the disease is less pronounced in…

…to malignant ventricular arrhythmias, notably torsade de pointes. This condition is primarily attributed to specific genetic mutations: loss of function mutations in KCNQ1 (LQT1) and…

…to malignant ventricular arrhythmias, notably torsade de pointes. This condition is primarily attributed to specific genetic mutations: loss of function mutations in KCNQ1 (LQT1) and…

…transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial disease. Heart failure is also considered established clinical CVD in the risk based approach to elevated BP. Risk categories…

…researchers to finally conclude that high cholesterol levels caused coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis in general. This required thousands of observational studies, genetic studies and…

…The genetic evidence provides the rationale for therapeutic inhibition. Gain of function PCSK9 mutations are associated with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and premature coronary heart disease…

…threatening ventricular arrhythmias and therefore QT duration must always be assessed. QT prolongation may be congenital (due to genetic mutations) or acquired (secondary to medications…

…interact to initiate and extend thrombosis. Plaque vulnerability is influenced by inflammation, plaque morphology and location, comorbidities, environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is…

…factors encompass female sex, underlying genetic predisposition, structural heart disease, and diabetes [1]. Although TdP and subsequent sudden death are rare, the arrhythmia is precipitated…

…induce an inflammatory state similar to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Body temperatures surpassing 40°C (104°F) are potentially hazardous and may precipitate cardiac arrest…

…or genetic . Ischemic cardiomyopathy Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy Non compaction cardiomyopathy Peripartum cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy secondary to valvular heart disease Long…

…and clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates…

…instead in patient selection. Because implantation entails appreciable cost and procedural risk, the risk benefit balance depends almost entirely on the capacity to identify, prospectively…

…Progressive dilation can subsequently impair left ventricular ejection fraction. Enlargement of the left ventricle predisposes to atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In advanced alcohol related cardiomyopathy…

…PH due to chronic lung disease, hypoxia, or sleep disordered breathing Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease Group 5…

…BrS is responsible for up to 20% of sudden cardiac deaths in patients without structural heart disease and is the leading cause of SCD in…

…a more stretched appearance and most often exhibit multiple villi . These myxomas are more likely to embolize (Cardiac Thromboembolism). There are genetic syndromes that result…

…electrolyte concentrations, and other factors (potentially also genetic predisposition) interact to trigger ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. These factors interact and vary over time. Some…

…likely to predispose to the pro arrhythmic effects of disopyramide. Structural heart disease also increases the risk of developing arrhythmias during disopyramide treatment. Propafenone and…

…valvular, and hypertensive causes are excluded. However, advances in molecular diagnostics reveal that up to 30 40% of "idiopathic" cases harbor a genetic basis. Truncating…

…5. Aspiration: advance the needle with the stylet in place perpendicular to the bone surface, angled slightly anteriorly and medially. Rotate under steady pressure until…

…DICT = Drug induced cardiotoxicity Trade Name Generic/Proper Name(s) Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity…

…for major bleeding compared to HAS BLED. The C indices were 0.60 for HAS BLED, 0.55 for HEMORR₂HAGES, and 0.50 for ATRIA…

…and contraindications. Singh–Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs Antiarrhythmic drugs affect the function of cardiac ion channels. These agents are classified according to the…

…and contraindications. Singh–Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic drugs Antiarrhythmic drugs affect the function of cardiac ion channels. These agents are classified according to the…