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Hypertension: Initial Combination Therapy and Drug Selection

…intervention is an essential component of care. In adults with elevated blood pressure, nonpharmacological management should be actively implemented. Adults with blood pressure ≥140/90…

Casting and immobilisation

…before surgery, or while swelling is progressing. Take care in impaired sensation (neuropathy, spinal cord injury) — the patient does not feel the pressure sore. Preparation…

Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…across the full cardiac cycle (RFR); no vasodilator. Cutoff ≤ 0.89. No hyperemic agent — faster, cheaper, better tolerated; validated in large 1 year outcome trials…

Diagnosis and management of supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias: Narrow complex tachycardia & wide complex tachycardia

…causes, differential diagnoses, treatment and management Any heart rate faster than 100 beats per minute is defined as tachycardia , which is synonymous with tachyarrhythmia. Except…

Third-degree AV block (3rd degree AV block, AV block 3, AV block III)

…upper panel). The atrial rate is typically faster than the ventricular rate. It may be very difficult to establish a diagnosis of third degree AV…

🟠 Pulmonary valve

…Ratio pulmonic to aortic flow normal variable significantly increased References 1. Zoghbi, William A.; Enriquez Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A.; Kraft, Carol D.…

🟠 Mitral valve

…Doppler mitral valve A dominant variable high E values ​References 1. Zoghbi, William A.; Enriquez Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A.; Kraft, Carol D.…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

…profile tricuspid regurgitation parabolic variable early peak, triangular References 1. Zoghbi, William A.; Enriquez Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A.; Kraft, Carol D.; Levine…

Echocardiography

…maxMR) {{ Flow rate = CSA v = 6.28 r2 v(aliasing) References Zoghbi, William A.; Enriquez Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A.; Kraft…

🟠 Aorta, aortic stenosis (AS), aortic regurgitation (AR)

…= CSA v = 6.28 r2 v(aliasing) References 1. Zoghbi, William A.; Enriquez Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A.; Kraft, Carol D.…

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