…oxide Rapid onset and offset; the patient cooperates Intra articular local anaesthesia Lidocaine into the glenohumeral joint in shoulder dislocation, with an effect equivalent to…

…abnormal often abnormal abnormal, possibly flail CW profile mitral regurgitation weak variable dense Shape CW profile mitral regurgitation parabolic variable early peak, triangular Size left…

…have greater consequences in frail patients. Clinical Assessment Frailty and Functional Status Treatment decisions should not be based on age alone. Assessment should include: Degree…

…interpreted as specialist investigations. Both fail more often for practical than for medical reasons: the cuff is in the wrong place, the electrodes come off…

…on the drug chart. Glucose targets on the ward Situation Target plasma glucose : : Most inpatients 6–10 mmol/L Frail older people, a short expected…

…the investigation, not the end. In a frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example…

…important therapeutic objectives. Evidence from randomized trials is often less applicable to very frail or multimorbid patients because these groups have historically been underrepresented. Consequently…

…Books that claim to make it "simple" can provide a quick entry point but fail to delve into the crucial depths needed for clinical practice…

…a dose of 30 ml/kg. Should fluid resuscitation fail to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) above 65 mmHg, consider the initiation of vasopressor…

…Abnormal (pathological) causes of sinus bradycardia In all other situations, sinus bradycardia should be regarded as a pathological finding. Numerous pathological conditions cause sinus bradycardia…

…definitively established as the cause of cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be performed per standard guidelines. Cardiac arrests due to trauma are characterized by…

…monitoring, complications and when thrombectomy should be considered. The doses and Swedish thresholds below are based on the national guideline for the management of reperfusion…

…actual weight minus ideal weight). Red flags and pitfalls Creatinine is a poor measure in the frail and the elderly. A normal creatinine can conceal…

…blood pressure reduction sufficient to reduce cardiovascular risk while preserving tolerability and daily function. Decisions should incorporate the confirmed blood pressure level, absolute cardiovascular risk…

…MINOCA is not a definitive disease diagnosis. It is a descriptive and provisional classification that should trigger further investigation. The underlying mechanism may be coronary…

…for evaluating the success of TdP treatment or detailed step by step algorithms for alternative therapies when initial pharmacological approaches fail to suppress the arrhythmia…

…of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open the airway. Figure 1…

…DEFINE FLAIR · iFR SWEDEHEART · 5 yr pooled analysis · VALIDATE RFR Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR) & Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR) CFR: ratio of hyperemic to resting…

…as ejection fraction may provide easily obtained parameters, but fail to provide important insights into left ventricular mechanics. Regional differences in contractile function are of…