…usually affects drug users (intravenous addiction), elderly patients with altered valves, patients with valve prostheses or other cardiac devices (pacemaker, CRT, ICD). In addition to…

…the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need for ventilatory…

…spot, in three minutes, without drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The…

…refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest :…

…SB in healthy young individuals who are not well trained. This is also a normal finding. Abnormal (pathological) causes of sinus bradycardia In all other…

…Important interpretation of the blood gas A normal or rising pCO₂ during an ongoing severe asthma attack is an alarm sign. Early in a severe…

…coffee, anticholinergic drugs, beta adrenergic agonists). In all of these conditions, sinus tachycardia is merely an expression of an underlying disease or substance effect, which…

…drug overdose, hypothermia, and hyperkalemia. For recurrent symptomatic bradycardia, temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting of cardiac arrest…

…monitoring Use a balanced crystalloid in the first instance. Give small boluses, for example 250 to 500 mL, with immediate reassessment of the blood pressure…

…assessment may include directly observed treatment or detection of prescribed medications in blood or urine samples. In patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below…

In the second part of the course you will learn all about the normal ECG, normal variants and diagnosis of pathological findings. A total of…