…embolism, bleeding, stroke, etc.) as well as cases where the cause does not fall into the other categories. Trauma Cardiac arrest caused by violence, accidents…

…reference limit (URL). The injury is considered acute if there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values. However, myocardial injury alone is…

…Historically, guidelines bifurcated ACS into STEMI and NSTE ACS pathways. However, the 2023 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and 2025 American College of Cardiology/American…

…needle. Chlorhexidine in alcohol to the skin around the wound — not into the wound. Sterile gloves, a fenestrated drape, toothed forceps, a needle holder, scissors…

…gravity and slow movement; those that fail usually do so because the patient tenses up with pain, or because the operator pulls harder rather than…

…or arrhythmia. 4. Shift potassium into the cells with insulin and glucose. Add high dose salbutamol in marked hyperkalaemia if there is no contraindication. 5…

…normalize within minutes after the hypoxia is relieved. However, full recovery of contractility may take hours to days. It is generally stated that myocardium resists…

…mitigation of reperfusion injury are complementary objectives of initial STEMI management. The principal acute complications fall into two broad categories: Electrical complications , particularly ventricular arrhythmias…

…ECG interpretation requires a comprehensive understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology and electrocardiology. Unfortunately, numerous books and online resources fall into the trap of oversimplification. Physicians, nurses…

…an opioid can be given for the pain, but the effect on the bowel must be taken into account). Known allergy to the preparation — rare…