…thick fibrous cap but suffer from endothelial denudation. The local microenvironment is rich in hyaluronan, toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs…

…a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values. However, myocardial injury alone is an entity in itself and may arise from non ischaemic cardiac…

…produces an exaggerated inspiratory fall in systemic systolic blood pressure, termed pulsus paradoxus. Tamponade is therefore characterized haemodynamically by elevation and near equalization of diastolic…

…rise and/or fall in cTn values. An elevated cTn alone does not establish MI, because myocardial injury may occur without myocardial ischaemia. Non ischaemic…

…the toe instead. Marked pain that prevents the patient from tolerating compression. Preparation and equipment Equipment: a handheld Doppler probe 5–10 MHz, ultrasound gel…

…of myocytes that form the slow conducting isthmuses critical for re entry [6] . Non ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular…

…the arms. Orthostatic hypotension: a fall of ≥20 mmHg in SBP and/or ≥10 mmHg in DBP at 1 or 3 minutes after standing, following…

…Step 1: confirm the course and assess severity Establish the baseline Look for previous creatinine values in the record, preferably from before the current illness.

…artery dissection (SCAD) Standard angiography may fail to demonstrate plaque disruption, intraluminal thrombus, or dissection. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) can reveal…

…with haemodynamic compromise, whatever the current haemoglobin — haemoglobin falls late in acute haemorrhage and a normal value does not exclude significant blood loss. Massive haemorrhage…