…not on how wide the rim of fluid looks. With ultrasound guidance, the point at which the fluid lies most superficially is chosen and the…

…on a single eGFR. Step 1: confirm the course and assess severity Establish the baseline Look for previous creatinine values in the record, preferably from…

…the right atrium and right ventricle are compressed, with elevation of their diastolic pressures. Right sided filling becomes increasingly dependent on the fall in intrathoracic…

…with ATRIA and HAS BLED Scores Several studies have compared the predictive performance of HEMORR₂HAGES with other bleeding risk assessment tools, notably ATRIA and HAS…

…pathophysiology and electrocardiology. Unfortunately, numerous books and online resources fall into the trap of oversimplification. Physicians, nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such…

…from a central line if one is present 4 Take a full blood count with a differential, CRP, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, glucose and…

…is generally related to an atherothrombotic event, whereas Types 2–5 MI have other mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia and necrosis. Unstable angina (UA) represents myocardial…

…at which the signal disappears, deflate slowly (2 mmHg/s) and note the pressure at which the signal returns. Repeat on the other arm. 2…

…hypoglycaemia No defined threshold The patient has cognitive or physical impairment and needs help from another person Level 3 can occur even when the glucose…

…things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need…