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Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…particular change in position Benign positional vertigo, orthostatic hypotension Dix Hallpike, supine roll test, orthostatic blood pressure Episodic spontaneous vestibular syndrome Attacks lasting minutes to…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…cause [1]. Delirium tremens most often begins after one to three days but can start earlier in patients with previous complicated withdrawal [4]. Untreated delirium…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…predominantly observed in older patients with heavily calcified, tortuous vessels [2] . Regardless of the initiating mechanism, the exposure of thrombogenic material triggers a rapid cascade…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…saturation, chest movement and a blood gas. Ventilate by mask in opioid induced respiratory depression while naloxone is prepared C Pulse, blood pressure, peripheral perfusion…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…health care exposure and the risk of resistant organisms 0 to 60 min Empirical intravenous antibiotics in septic shock or in certain or highly likely…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…5% of such lesions caused a clinical event during 3.4 years of follow up in a prospective study of patients with acute coronary syndrome…

Spirometry

…symptoms, and occupational exposure to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…decisive. The pathophysiology reflects failure of vascular autoregulation during a rapid or severe rise in BP. This may produce acute injury in the brain, retina…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…at multiple angles. Tissue attenuation is expressed relative to water in Hounsfield units. Bone is highly attenuating, air has very low attenuation, and blood and…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative: Lymphoedema or previous axillary clearance on…

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