…MR). These complications result from transmural myocardial necrosis and subsequent tissue disruption. Infarct expansion and, in some cases, a dissecting haematoma may precede rupture. The…

…aortic expansion, refractory pain and hypertension despite treatment. A related entity is non A non B dissection , which involves the arch without involvement of the…

…rapid expansion are associated with increasing likelihood of symptoms, complications and rupture. Aneurysmal sacs may contain mural thrombus, which can contribute to peripheral embolization and…

…stent expansion, apposition, edge dissections, and endothelial coverage. Complementary Characteristics IVUS and OCT are complementary rather than interchangeable. IVUS generally provides better visualization of overall…

…aortic dissection. Symptom onset in PAU may indicate lesion expansion and involvement of the adventitia, requiring urgent imaging because of the risk of rupture. Type…

…or both. The clinical consequences of extracellular volume expansion include elevated cardiac filling pressures, pulmonary congestion, systemic venous hypertension, and peripheral interstitial edema. These abnormalities…

…activation, aggregation, and fibrin formation. Within a stented segment, thrombus may also develop because of disturbed flow, residual dissection, inadequate stent expansion, incomplete apposition, or…

…the chamber and this leads to dilatation. The most common cause is valvular regurgitation (insufficiency). For example, aortic regurgitation causes the flow of blood from…

…diameter A high degree of residual stenosis Long lesion length Diabetes Untreated edge dissection DES have reduced restenosis compared with BMS, and newer generation DES…

…on non invasive testing. Symptoms that are strongly suggestive of obstructive CAD. Uncertain or inconclusive non invasive test results, when confirmation or exclusion of ob

…obstructed. Exclusion of coronary dissection compromising the true lumen. Assessment for thrombus, distal embolization, abrupt closure, or perforation. Evaluation of distal flow and myocardial perfusion…

…relief and may not be required in asymptomatic patients. Before drug treatment, recommended or suggested measures include: reassurance; exercise training; volume expansion; avoidance of cardiac…

…expansion Myocardial remodelling and fibrosis These processes form part of the broader cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome, in which adiposity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, CKD and…

…5. A maximal forced expiration : an explosive start and then continued blowing with loud coaching until a plateau is reached. The manoeuvre ends when the…

…can precipitate ventricular fibrillation, and cardioversion of fibrillation of unknown duration without anticoagulation can cause a stroke hours to weeks later. Everything else in the…

…Interpretation of CHADS VA score References Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism…

…fastest onset of effect. Do not crush or split the tablet . Warnings and Precautions Bleeding Risk In the phase 3 study (TRITON), key exclusion criteria…