…Rapid development of biventricular failure. Pulmonary oedema. Cardiogenic shock. The shunt may initially be tolerated, but the defect can enlarge and cause rapid haemodynamic deterioration…

…aortic expansion, refractory pain and hypertension despite treatment. A related entity is non A non B dissection , which involves the arch without involvement of the…

…Larger aneurysms and more rapid expansion are associated with increasing likelihood of symptoms, complications and rupture. Aneurysmal sacs may contain mural thrombus, which can contribute…

…The limitations of gray scale IVUS include lower spatial resolution than OCT and imperfect discrimination between plaque components. Radiofrequency or virtual histology IVUS can provide…

…aortic dissection. Symptom onset in PAU may indicate lesion expansion and involvement of the adventitia, requiring urgent imaging because of the risk of rupture. Type…

…or both. The clinical consequences of extracellular volume expansion include elevated cardiac filling pressures, pulmonary congestion, systemic venous hypertension, and peripheral interstitial edema. These abnormalities…

…activation, aggregation, and fibrin formation. Within a stented segment, thrombus may also develop because of disturbed flow, residual dissection, inadequate stent expansion, incomplete apposition, or…

…Hypertrophy and dilatation may coexist. Moreover, the ECG cannot distinguish whether large QRS amplitudes are due to dilatation or hypertrophy. Because the majority of the…

…Approximately one fifth of clinically recognized ISR presentations are ACS. ISR may occasionally be associated with myocardial infarction. The presentation can also be an ischaemic…

…polypoid intraluminal mass and lesion haziness raise suspicion of thrombus, although haziness is not specific. Intravascular imaging can identify plaque disruption, thrombus and other structural…

…obstructed. Exclusion of coronary dissection compromising the true lumen. Assessment for thrombus, distal embolization, abrupt closure, or perforation. Evaluation of distal flow and myocardial perfusion…

…relief and may not be required in asymptomatic patients. Before drug treatment, recommended or suggested measures include: reassurance; exercise training; volume expansion; avoidance of cardiac…

…in the presence of persistent congestion is particularly associated with elevated central venous pressure, which is transmitted to the renal veins and can reduce GFR…

…that distinguishes obstructive from restrictive impairment of lung function, and COPD cannot be diagnosed without it . The quality of the test determines its entire value…

…to fall in the T wave can precipitate ventricular fibrillation, and cardioversion of fibrillation of unknown duration without anticoagulation can cause a stroke hours to…

…Interpretation of CHADS VA score References Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism…

…fastest onset of effect. Do not crush or split the tablet . Warnings and Precautions Bleeding Risk In the phase 3 study (TRITON), key exclusion criteria…