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Electrical cardioversion

…exclusion of thrombus — the most important relative contraindication to elective cardioversion. It does not apply in haemodynamic instability. Digitalis toxicity — a risk of refractory ventricular…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…the extent of microvascular obstruction and the territory supplied by the treated vessel. Possible manifestations include: Persistent or recurrent myocardial ischemia Deterioration in ventricular function…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…Right ventricular (RV) dimension and function. RV function can be assessed using TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion). Study the movement and opening of the…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…without a definite diagnosis. Choice of technique Diagnostic question Method Comment : : : Pigmented lesion, suspected melanoma Excision with a 1–3 mm margin, down into the…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…It is a modification of the widely used CHA₂DS₂ VASc score, with the primary distinction being the exclusion of sex parameter (female sex) as a…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…phase 3 study (TRITON), key exclusion criteria included increased bleeding risk, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a history of pathological intracranial findings. Patients with ACS undergoing PCI…

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