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M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…and opening of the aortic valve. Study the movement and opening of the mitral valve. Left atrial dimension. TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion) TAPSE…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…without a definite diagnosis. Choice of technique Diagnostic question Method Comment : : : Pigmented lesion, suspected melanoma Excision with a 1–3 mm margin, down into the…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…It is a modification of the widely used CHA₂DS₂ VASc score, with the primary distinction being the exclusion of sex parameter (female sex) as a…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…obstructed. Exclusion of coronary dissection compromising the true lumen. Assessment for thrombus, distal embolization, abrupt closure, or perforation. Evaluation of distal flow and myocardial perfusion…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…phase 3 study (TRITON), key exclusion criteria included increased bleeding risk, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a history of pathological intracranial findings. Patients with ACS undergoing PCI…

Electrical cardioversion

…Contraindications Atrial fibrillation or flutter of unknown or excessive duration without adequate anticoagulation or exclusion of thrombus — the most important relative contraindication to elective cardioversion…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…on non invasive testing. Symptoms that are strongly suggestive of obstructive CAD. Uncertain or inconclusive non invasive test results, when confirmation or exclusion of ob

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