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M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…Right ventricular (RV) dimension and function. RV function can be assessed using TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion). Study the movement and opening of the…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…syringe. Punches of 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm. A size 15 scalpel, a double edged razor blade or a flexible shave blade. Artery forceps…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…It is a modification of the widely used CHA₂DS₂ VASc score, with the primary distinction being the exclusion of sex parameter (female sex) as a…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…obstructed. Exclusion of coronary dissection compromising the true lumen. Assessment for thrombus, distal embolization, abrupt closure, or perforation. Evaluation of distal flow and myocardial perfusion…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…of 10 mg is not recommended due to higher exposure to the active metabolite and increased bleeding risk compared to patients weighing ≥ 60 kg. Renal…

Electrical cardioversion

…Contraindications Atrial fibrillation or flutter of unknown or excessive duration without adequate anticoagulation or exclusion of thrombus — the most important relative contraindication to elective cardioversion…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…on non invasive testing. Symptoms that are strongly suggestive of obstructive CAD. Uncertain or inconclusive non invasive test results, when confirmation or exclusion of ob

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