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Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…without a definite diagnosis. Choice of technique Diagnostic question Method Comment : : : Pigmented lesion, suspected melanoma Excision with a 1–3 mm margin, down into the…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…Annular Plane Systolic Excursion). Study the movement and opening of the aortic valve. Study the movement and opening of the mitral valve. Left atrial dimension…

Electrical cardioversion

…Contraindications Atrial fibrillation or flutter of unknown or excessive duration without adequate anticoagulation or exclusion of thrombus — the most important relative contraindication to elective cardioversion…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…to complement ICA, particularly for intermediate non left main coronary stenoses. Myocardial ischaemia may occur despite the absence of significant epicardial obstruction. In patients with…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…It is a modification of the widely used CHA₂DS₂ VASc score, with the primary distinction being the exclusion of sex parameter (female sex) as a…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…segment. The phenomenon occurs in approximately 2%–3% of PCI procedures overall. It is particularly associated with intervention on degenerated saphenous vein grafts (SVGs), rotational…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…of 10 mg is not recommended due to higher exposure to the active metabolite and increased bleeding risk compared to patients weighing ≥ 60 kg. Renal…

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