Articles & courses

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🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…It is a modification of the widely used CHA₂DS₂ VASc score, with the primary distinction being the exclusion of sex parameter (female sex) as a…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…without a definite diagnosis. Choice of technique Diagnostic question Method Comment : : : Pigmented lesion, suspected melanoma Excision with a 1–3 mm margin, down into the…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…obstructed. Exclusion of coronary dissection compromising the true lumen. Assessment for thrombus, distal embolization, abrupt closure, or perforation. Evaluation of distal flow and myocardial perfusion…

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…phase 3 study (TRITON), key exclusion criteria included increased bleeding risk, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a history of pathological intracranial findings. Patients with ACS undergoing PCI…

Electrical cardioversion

…unknown: at least three weeks of adequate anticoagulation before cardioversion — an INR ≥ 2.0 checked weekly on warfarin, or documented well managed DOAC therapy with…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…e.g measuring the thickness of the left ventricular walls requires the line to be placed perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the…

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