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Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…without a definite diagnosis. Choice of technique Diagnostic question Method Comment : : : Pigmented lesion, suspected melanoma Excision with a 1–3 mm margin, down into the…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…risk of stroke (Table 1). Interpretation of the CHA₂DS₂ VA score CHA₂DS₂ VA Score Risk Category Annual Stroke Risk (%) 0 Low 0.2 1 Low…

Electrical cardioversion

…Contraindications Atrial fibrillation or flutter of unknown or excessive duration without adequate anticoagulation or exclusion of thrombus — the most important relative contraindication to elective cardioversion…

M-mode (motion mode) echocardiography

…Figure 1. One obvious disadvantage of M mode is that it only displays a single ultrasound line. Moreover, the ultrasound line is fixed to the…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…vessel supplying a large viable territory is more likely to produce rapid hemodynamic deterioration than a similar angiographic abnormality involving a smaller territory. Diagnostics Cor

🟠 Prasugrel (Effient, Efient, Prasita)

…mg once daily. Rationale: Patients in this age group have higher bleeding risk and increased exposure to the active metabolite of prasugrel. Patients weighing <…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…when its diagnostic or therapeutic consequences are likely to outweigh procedural risks. This balance forms part of shared clinical decision making. Pathophysiological and Diagnostic Considerations…

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