Echocardiography Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Left ventricular (LV) thrombus is an intracavitary clot attached to the LV endocardium, typically overlying an akinetic…

…itself. This remodeling manifests as interstitial fibrosis, atrial dilation, and endocardial denudation, which collectively promote local inflammation and create a highly prothrombotic endothelial surface. Furthermore…

…narrowing of the valvular orifice. Carcinoid heart disease may also lead to endocardial fibrosis. Rheumatic heart disease Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm : The aneurysm may compress…

…ventricular function (ejection fraction) Women Men Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal LINEAR METHOD Endocardial fractional shortening…

…which are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. This process begins in the epicardium and gradually moves towards the endocardium. As the fibrofatty replacement progresses…

…in arteries throughout the circulatory system (Figure 1). The ventricular wall consists of an inner lining (endocardium), a thick muscle layer (myocardium) and an outer…

…speckle tracking As previously discussed, the left ventricular wall can be subdivided into three layers: the inner lining ( endocardium ), a thick muscle layer ( myocardium ) and…

…the mass are indicative in diagnostics. A patient who exhibits an ecotdense mass entrenched in the endocardium with impaired mobility (for example, after myocardial infarction)…

…leads are introduced into one of the larger veins (typically the subclavian vein) and guided further down to the heart where they contact the endocardium…

…ischemia. The term transmural ischemia implies that the ischemia affects all wall layers – from endocardium to epicardium – in the myocardium affected by the occlusion. Transmural…

…of the conduction system and the arterial blood supply. The first third of the right bundle branch run in the endocardium, near the ventricular cavity…

…proceeds from the endocadrium to the epicardium . This is because the Purkinje fibers run through the endocardium, where they deliver the action potential to contractile…

…1 of the action potential [11] . Because $I {to}$ is significantly more prominent in the right ventricular (RV) epicardium than the endocardium, this imbal

…complete occlusion of the coronary artery. Ischemia will extend from the endocardium to the epicardium in the affected myocardial region, which results in ST elevations…

…of infection. Vegetations can be found on the flaps and appear as moving masses. Mural vegetations are attached to the endocardium and, accordingly, less mobile…

…anterior papillary muscle. A network of Purkinje fibers sprouts out from the bundle branches and fascicles and spread through the ventricular endocardium. Impulse conduction through…

…complete occlusion of the coronary artery. Ischemia will extend from the endocardium to the epicardium in the affected myocardial region, which results in ST elevations…

…ultrasound image. This schematic image shows brighter colors when going from pericardium to epicardium and when going from endocardium to the ventricular cavity. Directing and…

…the atrial cavity. The left ventricle is considerably thicker and – except the endocardium – it cannot utilize the oxygen from within the ventricular cavity. The location…