Echocardiography Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Left ventricular (LV) thrombus is an intracavitary clot attached to the LV endocardium, typically overlying an akinetic…

…itself. This remodeling manifests as interstitial fibrosis, atrial dilation, and endocardial denudation, which collectively promote local inflammation and create a highly prothrombotic endothelial surface. Furthermore…

…narrowing of the valvular orifice. Carcinoid heart disease may also lead to endocardial fibrosis. Rheumatic heart disease Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm : The aneurysm may compress…

…ventricular function (ejection fraction) Women Men Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal LINEAR METHOD Endocardial fractional shortening…

…which are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. This process begins in the epicardium and gradually moves towards the endocardium. As the fibrofatty replacement progresses…

…in arteries throughout the circulatory system (Figure 1). The ventricular wall consists of an inner lining (endocardium), a thick muscle layer (myocardium) and an outer…

…speckle tracking As previously discussed, the left ventricular wall can be subdivided into three layers: the inner lining ( endocardium ), a thick muscle layer ( myocardium ) and…

…the mass are indicative in diagnostics. A patient who exhibits an ecotdense mass entrenched in the endocardium with impaired mobility (for example, after myocardial infarction)…

…leads are introduced into one of the larger veins (typically the subclavian vein) and guided further down to the heart where they contact the endocardium…

…ischemia. The term transmural ischemia implies that the ischemia affects all wall layers – from endocardium to epicardium – in the myocardium affected by the occlusion. Transmural…