…and discussions on differential diagnoses for each condition. Moreover, most books included very few real world examples of the conditions, or provided too few tests…

…blood cultures. For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression, papilloedema or new focal neurological signs — CT is performed first. Preparation…

…5B). Ultrasound energy in side lobes is mostly dissipated in the tissue without generating significant reflections. However, when side lobes encounter strong reflectors (calcifications, pericardium…

…their duration. Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness…

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

…or heart rate, which is not physiologically justified . The latter criterion is important because rhythms that are physiologically justified should not be considered abnormal. For…

…the heart pumps and the resistance encountered in the systemic circulation. Therefore, alterations in heart rate, stroke volume, or vascular tone can significantly impact MAP…

…of survival. Neonatal screening with pulse oxymetry The majority of all congenital heart defects are detected early in infancy or childhood. For obvious reasons, more…

…the presence or haemodynamic significance of a specific stenosis. Clinical Role and Indications CAC scoring is principally a risk stratification tool for individuals without known…

…atrial enlargement (P mitrale) and right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) The atria may become dilated and/or hypertrophic during pathological circumstances. As for ventricular enlargement…

…the Framingham Heart Study, this linear correction formula adjusts the QT interval based on heart rate without involving square or cube roots. It has been…

…persistent or recurrent chest pain require repeat blood sampling even when an accelerated algorithm has already been initiated. Evaluation and Physical Examination Patients with suspected…

…However, most clinicians who encounter patients with pacemakers only have access to conventional surface ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should…

…If the sound waves encounter a new medium, some sound waves will be reflected while others will transfer the mechanical (pressure) energy to the new…

…periods. Aberrant conduction occurs when the length of the cardiac cycle is changed without a compensatory change in the length of the refractory period. This…

…If the left atrium encounters increased resistance (e.g due to mitral valve stenosis) it becomes enlarged (hypertrophy) which amplifies its contribution to the P…