Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices…

…and overall mortality. Ventricular dimensions are measured using an electronic caliper, with the tips positioned at the interface between the compacted myocardium and the noncompacted…

…Transfusion thresholds in the stable, non bleeding patient Patient category Transfusion threshold (Hb) : : Most stable adult inpatients, including intensive care 70 g/L Known cardiovascular…

…mortality, but most of the evidence was observational and the results must not be taken to mean that an electronic alert replaces clinical judgement [5]…

…familiar to every electrophysiologist, is that LVEF is both insensitive and non specific for SCD. Most people who die suddenly never had an ejection fraction…

…may remain elevated thereafter. The overall health benefit is greater still when reductions in non cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are included. Clinical presentation and assessment…

…etc. Most cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less…

…IPG) , which contains the electronics, a battery , and one or two leads . The pulse generator generates the electric current needed to stimulate the myocardium. The…

…e currents generated by tissues that the electrode is not connected to). Also, external signals from electronics (cell phones, computers, etc) must also be ignored…

…In PET (Positron Emission Tomography), radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, producing two gamma photons emitted in…

…be initiated. Agonal breathing is interpreted as manifest cardiac arrest. Defibrillation : Use of non synchronized electric shock (i.e. a shock delivered randomly, without considering…

…compare electrical currents in two measurement points. The electrophysiological basis of the ECG leads The movement of charged particles generates an electric current. In electrocardiology…

…Piezoelectric crystals have unique electromechanical properties. When an electric current is applied to a piezoelectric crystal, it starts to vibrate and these vibrations generate sound…

…a 30–60 mL syringe with a soft irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36–37…

…length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (electric current) and Kelvin (temperature). This system is recommended globally. Amplitude Amplitude describes the strength of the sound waves…

…because the vibrations in the piezoelectric crystals, and thus the electric current they send back to the machine, vary with the amplitude of the reflected…