Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include permanent pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices…

…and overall mortality. Ventricular dimensions are measured using an electronic caliper, with the tips positioned at the interface between the compacted myocardium and the noncompacted…

…wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses' station instead of at the bedside. The check against the patient's…

…must not be taken to mean that an electronic alert replaces clinical judgement [5]. Recognising sepsis Suspected or confirmed infection together with new organ dysfunction…

…study, PET, SPECT, genetic profiling — add information but are too costly or invasive to screen a population. The surface ECG is the obvious cheap, standardized…

…electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, HIV infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment…

…etc. Most cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less…

…IPG) , which contains the electronics, a battery , and one or two leads . The pulse generator generates the electric current needed to stimulate the myocardium. The…

…of a pulse generator and one lead, which is located either in the right atrium or the right ventricle. Such systems are referred to as…

…In PET (Positron Emission Tomography), radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, producing two gamma photons emitted in…

…and absence of a palpable pulse. Ventricular contraction has ceased or unable to generate perfusion. SCD (sudden cardiac death) : Death resulting from sudden cardiac arrest…

…compare electrical currents in two measurement points. The electrophysiological basis of the ECG leads The movement of charged particles generates an electric current. In electrocardiology…

…Piezoelectric crystals have unique electromechanical properties. When an electric current is applied to a piezoelectric crystal, it starts to vibrate and these vibrations generate sound…

…syringe with a soft irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36–37 °C ), a kidney dish…

…along the sound wave) with equal amplitude (i.e pressure). It is easy to measure the distance between two peaks (maximum) or two lows (minimum)…

…because the vibrations in the piezoelectric crystals, and thus the electric current they send back to the machine, vary with the amplitude of the reflected…