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The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…each ECG lead is computed by analyzing the electrical currents detected by several electrodes. The standard ECG – which is referred to as a 12 lead…

Components and construction of a pacemaker

…to the heart where they contact the endocardium. Pacemaker battery The battery is used to deliver pacing pulses, sensing (analyzing electrical activity in the heart)…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…Diabetes, immunosuppression A risk of necrotising otitis externa Anticoagulant treatment Bleeding into the ear canal Previous radiotherapy to the head and neck Fragile skin, poor…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…ecstasy) or amphetamines. In either scenario, there is sustained muscle activation, leading to marked heat generation, acidosis, and the subsequent development of hyperkalemia. This condition…

The electrical axis of the heart (ECG axis)

…contraction. The direction of the depolarization (and thus the electrical axis) is generally alongside the heart's longitudinal axis (to the left and downwards). Figure…

The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis): ECG & physiology

…range of normal heart axis. Figure 38. The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis). As evident from the figure, the normal heart axis is…

The Electrical Axis of the Heart

ECG Video lecture: Assessment of the electrical axis of the heart

The Cardiac Electrical Axis: ECG Criteria, Definition, Clinical Implications

…single heart vector [3]. The orientation and intensity of this vector fluctuate throughout the cardiac cycle as depolarization and repolarization progress [3]. The mean electrical…

Ventricular fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity and sudden cardiac arrest

…fibrillation prior to the cardiac arrest. Most of these have atherosclerotic heart disease (coronary artery disease) as the underlying cause. Other common causes are cardiomyopathy…

Paediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation

Referensvärden A child's ECG changes continuously with age: the heart rate, the electrical axis and the waveform in the newborn differ markedly from adult…

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