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Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

…myocarditis and perimyocarditis: ECG changes and clinical features The pericardium is a double walled sac in which the heart and the roots of the great…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…infection or gastroenteritis at home Double or triple the oral daily dose during the days of illness (the patient's sick day rules) Vomiting or…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…systemic cardiovascular risk. The presence of a carotid bruit is associated with approximately double the risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Management must therefore…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

…to the tissue. Reverberations are common when examining lung tissue; the double layered pleura produce reverberations, which are referred to as A lines . Figure 3…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…lid margin upwards and backwards towards the forehead. Double eversion is achieved by advancing the bud further downwards until the upper fornix is visible. 6…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…3, 4 and 6 mm. A size 15 scalpel, a double edged razor blade or a flexible shave blade. Artery forceps, toothed surgical forceps, scissors…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…Clinical evidence for cardiovascular benefit CLEAR Outcomes CLEAR Outcomes was a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study of 13,970 patients at high cardiovascular risk…

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

…solely as an isolated coronary event. SCAD predominantly affects the left sided coronary circulation and may involve multiple vessels. Pregnancy associated SCAD can occur at…

Levosimendan (Simdax, Simendan) in acute heart failure

…2021; 385:516 525) In a randomized, double blind study involving 192 patients with cardiogenic shock, researchers compared the effectiveness of milrinone and dobutamine . The…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…the heart. Therefore, most images in adult TTE are obtained with the patient positioned in the left lateral decubitus position. In this position, the heart…

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