…imaging of the right ventricle requires an experienced echocardiographer. Three dimensional (3D) echocardiography should be considered in laboratories with expertise; 3D imaging is superior to…

…dilatation but echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (cardiac MRI) are superior to the ECG in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, to detect hypertrophy/dilatation…

…the superior vena cava, compressible if bleeding occurs, low risk of pneumothorax Uncomfortable for an awake patient, harder to keep the dressing clean with a…

…activation means that the atria activate first, filling the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before the ventricles begin contracting. To coordinate these two tasks…

…that the test failed to identify 27.8% of individuals with poor neurological recovery. The specificity of absent pupillary reflex for predicting a poor neurological…

…lead to ventricular dilation. However, the term dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle . Patients with DCM typically develop…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

…prolapse of P2 (Figure 1). Myocardial ischemia affecting the papillary muscles or the connected myocardium may cause mitral prolapse, and thus regurgitation. Ischemia manifests with…

…with left ventricular dilation. This type of cardiomyopathy, referred to as tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy , can be caused by any tachyarrhythmia leading to prolonged periods of…

…proximal portion of the pulmonary artery may also be dilated in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Echocardiography in pulmonary regurgitation Echocardiography is the modality of choice…