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Pulmonary regurgitation

…pulmonic) regurgitation Pulmonary regurgitation is also called pulmonic regurgitation . The majority of all adults exhibit a small pulmonary regurgitation, which is considered a normal finding…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…back to the right atrium and venous system, resulting in dilation of vena cava inferior ( 2.1 cm). Severe tricuspid regurgitation may lead to systolic…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…titration. Half of all opioid dosing errors arise at the dilution step, and an undiluted syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure…

The QRS complex: ECG features of the Q-wave, R-wave, S-wave & duration

…S), and small waves are referred to by their lower case letters (q, r, s). Figure 5 shows examples of naming of the QRS complex…

The physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

…have large amplitudes) but as the duration of VF is prolonged, the amplitude gradually diminishes and fine VF (small fibrillatory amplitudes) ultimately degenerate into asystole…

Wound suturing

…the full thickness of the dermis, particularly over joints and in cosmetically sensitive areas. Superficial wounds with well apposed edges, abrasions and small wounds under…

Pericardiocentesis

…syringes, a three way tap. A Seldinger set with a guidewire, a dilator and a 5–8 F pigtail catheter , plus a drainage bag. Sample…

Introduction to Cardiac Pacing and Devices: Pacemaker, ICD, CRT

…activation means that the atria activate first, filling the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before the ventricles begin contracting. To coordinate these two tasks…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…and risk assessment The evaluation of a patient with AF who may require anticoagulation should establish: Whether AF is clinical or device detected subclinical AF…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…volume filling of the chambers. At normal filling volumes, the pericardium is very indulging and thus allows rapid ventricular filling. If the dilatation of the…

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