…pulmonic) regurgitation Pulmonary regurgitation is also called pulmonic regurgitation . The majority of all adults exhibit a small pulmonary regurgitation, which is considered a normal finding…

…back to the right atrium and venous system, resulting in dilation of vena cava inferior ( 2.1 cm). Severe tricuspid regurgitation may lead to systolic…

…titration. Half of all opioid dosing errors arise at the dilution step, and an undiluted syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure…

…classified as net positive or net negative, referring to its net direction. The QRS complex is net positive if the sum of the positive areas…

…have large amplitudes) but as the duration of VF is prolonged, the amplitude gradually diminishes and fine VF (small fibrillatory amplitudes) ultimately degenerate into asystole…

…usually visible on plain films. Irrigation fluid: a copious volume of drinking quality tap water or sodium chloride 9 mg/mL. The volume matters more…

…and where no liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and…

…of the 20th century. Cardiac pacing has evolved from a hazardous experiment in the 1930s, to a routine, safe, and sophisticated treatment used worldwide. Artificial…

…clinical patterns of AF—paroxysmal, persistent, long standing persistent and permanent—and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes…

…Function of the pericardium The pericardium is considered to have several functions, despite the fact that it can be removed without affecting cardiac function or…