…leads to atrial hypertrophy and dilation. Atrial dilation causes a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The increase in left atrial pressure may also propagate…

…common in intravenous drug addicts). Myxomatous degeneration. Rheumatic heart disease. Dilatation of the right ventricle. Dilatation of the right atrium. Pulmonary hypertension. Left to right…

…causes left posterior fascicular block (LPFB) . In a fascicular block, the myocardium without fascicular supply will depend on impulses spreading from other parts of the…

…involving the posterior region of the left ventricle, usually as part of an inferoposterior or posterolateral infarction. Its recognition is clinically important because posterior infarction…

…the left ventricle partially or entirely outside the specialized conduction system. This slower conduction results in a prolonged QRS duration. The defining features of LBBB…

…in aVL and QRS duration 0,12 s, provided that other causes of left axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of extreme axis deviation Extreme…

…in aVL and QRS duration is 0,12 s, provided that other causes of left axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of extreme axis deviation…

…liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and to the left

…the bundle of His, which bifurcates into the right and left bundle branches. The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles…

…longer duration; it is safe even on the fingers, toes, nose and ears), a 27 G needle, a 2–5 mL syringe. Punches of 2…