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Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…the fact that the pressure in the left atrium does not decrease when inhaled and, as a result, the blood flow from the pulmonary vein…

Arrhythmias before and during cardiac arrest

…nearly empty). In patients with an initial shockable rhythm, compressions and ventilation can extend the duration of the shockable rhythm by several minutes, allowing for…

Wound suturing

…hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic prophylaxis. Deep…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…fibrillation, particularly when other therapeutic options cannot be pursued. Patients receiving digoxin may present with symptoms of digitalis toxicity, which manifests across multiple organ systems…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…by the fact that the atria are depolarized sequentially, with the right atrium being depolarized before the left atrium. The first half of the P…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…who are otherwise healthy. The majority of those with LAFB, however, have significant heart disease. Myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy…

Interpretation of Pacemaker ECG

…QRS complexes with LBBB morphology (i.e left bundle branch block appearance). This is explained by the fact that, as in LBBB, the left ventricle…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left ventricle. QRS duration QRS duration is the time duration from the start to the end of…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…subcutis. 5. Lift the specimen gently with a needle tip or fine forceps applied to its edge , not by gripping across the whole biopsy, and…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…Approximately 50% of patients with unstable angina progress to myocardial infarction within 30 days if left untreated. Moreover, the pathophysiology of NSTEMI and unstable angina…

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