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Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…the fact that the pressure in the left atrium does not decrease when inhaled and, as a result, the blood flow from the pulmonary vein…

Arrhythmias before and during cardiac arrest

…patients with an initial shockable rhythm, compressions and ventilation can extend the duration of the shockable rhythm by several minutes, allowing for EMS or bystanders…

Wound suturing

…on the hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic…

Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…sinus rate and P wave duration are minimally changed. The sinus rate may decrease in heart failure patients whose left ventricular performance is improved by…

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

…The duration of the P wave will exceed 120 milliseconds in lead II. Biatrial abnormality/enlargement Biatrial abnormality implies that the ECG indicates both left…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…deviation of the electrical axis. The QRS duration is slightly prolonged but does not reach 0.12 s. Block in the anterior fascicle causes left…

Interpretation of Pacemaker ECG

…in left bundle branch block (LBBB), which explains why paced QRS complexes are similar to the QRS morphology during LBBB. Stimulation in other regions of…

Overview of the ECG Waves, Deflections, Intervals, Durations

…reflection of the electrical potentials generated by the left ventricle. QRS duration QRS duration is the time duration from the start to the end of…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…longer duration; it is safe even on the fingers, toes, nose and ears), a 27 G needle, a 2–5 mL syringe. Punches of 2…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…by the fact that NSTEMI and unstable angina are caused by partial (incomplete) coronary artery occlusions; a partial occlusion results in a reduction of coronary…

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