…block, bundle branch block or fascicular block may become worse. Particularly, the degree of AV block may increase. QRS complex QRS duration becomes prolonged. ST…

…or hypertrophic scars: the sternum, the shoulder, the jawline, the ears. Anatomically hazardous areas: the branches of the facial nerve at the temple, the accessory…

…conduction may be blocked in unusual accessory pathways that possess long conduction times or decremental conduction properties. Furthermore, adenosine binds to four types of receptors…

…QRS duration, delta waves, secondary ST T abnormalities). Click to zoom. Atrioventricular reentrant (reentry) tachycardia (AVRT) Individuals with accessory pathways are at risk of developing…

…function is depressed or preserved Whether hypotension is present Whether an accessory pathway is suspected, particularly before administration of digoxin The duration of the AF…

…with first degree AV block. A shortened PR interval (<0,12 s) indicates pre excitation (presence of an accessory pathway). This is associated with a…

…proceeds normally via the His Purkinje system, and in most cases, there is no significant hemodynamic compromise. However, in cases of rapid AVNRT or in…

…of the Pupillary Reflex in Cardiac Arrest The pupillary light reflex is controlled by a simple neural circuit: light signals travel from the retina via…

…DCM) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as dilation of one or both ventricles. Dilation of the left ventricle is virtually always accompanied by impaired left…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …