…a large burden of hibernating myocardium. Evaluation and physical examination The assessment should establish three complementary features: The severity of LV dysfunction The extent and…

…Large areas of jeopardized myocardium, severe baseline stenosis, multivessel coronary artery disease, and diffuse disease increase the likelihood of cardiovascular collapse when PCI fails or…

…of viable myocardium supplied by the affected vessel and the adequacy of collateral circulation. Abrupt loss of flow may cause rapid deterioration when a large…

…and perirectal Often larger than it appears; risk of fistula Surgeon, often operative management Breast Cosmesis, milk ducts, malignancy differential Surgeon or mammography Sole of…

…some form of statin therapy after systematic reassessment and rechallenge. The principal manifestation is statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). These range from diffuse myalgia with…

…likely to affect flow because they supply a larger myocardial territory. The response of the coronary circulation reflects both epicardial stenosis and the coronary microcirculation…

…ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures. Both…

…atherosclerosis is diffuse, leading to underestimation of the overall disease burden. Angiography also provides limited information about plaque composition, vulnerability and the risk of future…

…patients require a mechanism based assessment rather than reassurance based solely on the absence of obstructive CAD. Evaluation and Physical Examination Clinical assessment The asses

…A history of increasing frequency of hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in the 3 years preceding diagnosis is also a notable…

…descriptor is diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited discriminatory value. Features suggesting myocardial ischaemia Ischaemic discomfort commonly: Is substernal and diffuse. Is described…

…segment depression is a common and early electrocardiographic sign of acute pericarditis, reflecting pericardial involvement overlying the atria [4, 5]. Other Differential Diagnoses ST segment…

… concealed diffuse atherosclerosis; myocardial bridging; myocardial metabolic abnormalities; and abnormal pain perception in patients without demonstrable ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore does not…

…account for attenuation and other technical factors. Relative perfusion assessment has an important limitation: it requires a normally perfused reference territory. In diffuse coronary disease…

…Contrast staining of the arterial wall with multiple lumens or radiolucent channels The classic appearance and usually readily recognized Type 2 Long, smooth, diffuse luminal…

…cardiovascular societies, defines HF as a clinical syndrome corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion [3] . Within…

…is the most common form of cardiovascular disease. It has been the number one killer in Western and high income countries for more than half…

…exposure. It is metabolically inert and diffuses freely across cell membranes, allowing for precise quantification of myocardial blood flow and assessment of coronary flow reserve…