…from several overlapping processes: Recurrent or extensive MI with necrosis and scar formation Diffuse myocardial fibrosis Reversible ischemic dysfunction Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post…

…Large areas of jeopardized myocardium, severe baseline stenosis, multivessel coronary artery disease, and diffuse disease increase the likelihood of cardiovascular collapse when PCI fails or…

…by the affected vessel and the adequacy of collateral circulation. Abrupt loss of flow may cause rapid deterioration when a large myocardial territory is jeopardized…

…argue for the operating theatre rather than the emergency room: a very large or deep abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset…

…Clinical presentation and symptoms Typical SAMS consists of: Symmetric muscle pain Muscle aching or soreness Weakness, often perceived or functional Predominant involvement of large proximal…

…preserved FFR with reduced CFR may indicate coronary microvascular dysfunction or diffuse epicardial disease. Concordantly normal FFR and CFR are associated with an excellent prognosis…

…ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are revascularization procedures. Both…

…when atherosclerosis is diffuse, leading to underestimation of the overall disease burden. Angiography also provides limited information about plaque composition, vulnerability and the risk of…

…survive with severe, diffuse CAD that is no longer amenable to additional mechanical revascularization. Despite treatment with antianginal drugs and PCI or CABG, daily or…

…immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis [8, 15]. AL Amyloidosis: This is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which abnormal plasma cells produce…

…diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited discriminatory value. Features suggesting myocardial ischaemia Ischaemic discomfort commonly: Is substernal and diffuse. Is described as pressure…

…ST segment elevation in acute pericarditis is typically diffuse, involving all leads except aVR and often V1, and does not correspond to a specific coronary…

… endothelial dysfunction; concealed diffuse atherosclerosis; myocardial bridging; myocardial metabolic abnormalities; and abnormal pain perception in patients without demonstrable ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore…

…It provides an integrated measure influenced by epicardial stenosis, diffuse atherosclerosis, and coronary microvascular dysfunction. A reduced value may therefore identify clinically important vascular dysfunction…

…staining of the arterial wall with multiple lumens or radiolucent channels The classic appearance and usually readily recognized Type 2 Long, smooth, diffuse luminal narrowing…

…and non ischemic causes, a distinction that fundamentally alters diagnostic work up and device therapy eligibility. Ischemic cardiomyopathy, defined by significant CAD (prior MI, diffuse…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease) Coronary artery disease, which is synonymous with ischemic heart disease, is the most common…

…exposure. It is metabolically inert and diffuses freely across cell membranes, allowing for precise quantification of myocardial blood flow and assessment of coronary flow reserve…