…several overlapping processes: Recurrent or extensive MI with necrosis and scar formation Diffuse myocardial fibrosis Reversible ischemic dysfunction Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic…

…stenoses. Higher scores indicate more diffuse or technically complex disease and are associated with a greater relative advantage for CABG over PCI in multivessel disease…

…heterogeneous area whose contents move under pressure; cellulitis instead gives a diffuse oedematous picture without a demarcated fluid collection. Ultrasound also shows the depth of…

…adjacent reference segment presumed to be relatively normal. This assumption may be incorrect when atherosclerosis is diffuse, leading to underestimation of the overall disease burden…

…persistent obstruction of the treated epicardial segment. The phenomenon occurs in approximately 2%–3% of PCI procedures overall. It is particularly associated with intervention on…

…coronary artery disease, or diffuse disease. No reflow represents impaired antegrade myocardial perfusion in the absence of a flow limiting epicardial stenosis. It is associated…

…among patients with CAD following advances in anti ischaemic treatment and coronary revascularization. Consequently, more patients survive with severe, diffuse CAD that is no longer…

…Statins inhibit 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic cholesterol production increases hepatic LDL receptor expression…

…CA) is a protein misfolding disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded fibrillar proteins in the myocardium, leading to a diffuse infiltrative cardiomyopathy [8…

…symptom. It includes pain, pressure, tightness, heaviness, burning, or discomfort in the chest and may extend to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen…

…5]. Acute Pericarditis vs. Acute Myocardial Infarction The ST segment elevation in acute pericarditis is typically diffuse, involving all leads except aVR and often V1…

…microvascular dysfunction or diffuse epicardial disease. Concordantly normal FFR and CFR are associated with an excellent prognosis, whereas discordant measurements require interpretation in the context…

… endothelial dysfunction; concealed diffuse atherosclerosis; myocardial bridging; myocardial metabolic abnormalities; and abnormal pain perception in patients without demonstrable ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore…

…technical factors. Relative perfusion assessment has an important limitation: it requires a normally perfused reference territory. In diffuse coronary disease, balanced multivessel disease, or global…

…formation of an intramural haematoma that compresses the true lumen. The resulting reduction in coronary blood flow may produce myocardial ischaemia, acute coronary syndrome (ACS)…

…increase in LVEF, with a subsequent measurement of 40% [14] . This distinction is paramount for practicing cardiologists: HFimpEF represents a state of myocardial remission rather…

…for hypertension. However, coronary artery disease remains the number one killer in most regions worldwide ( Tsao et al .). The New England Journal of Medicine, 1812…

Cardiology SPECT vs. PET In SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography), radiotracers emit gamma photons directly. These gamma rays are detected by gamma cameras to…