Cardiology Definition and Pathophysiology Resistant hypertension is a clinical indicator rather than a distinct disease. It identifies patients whose blood pressure remains uncontrolled despite intensive…

…muscle, and bone mass. It does not indicate the types or distribution of body fat. It may not be accurate for all populations, particularly at…

…diabetic cardiomyopathy, etc. ) may ultimately lead to ventricular dilation. However, the term dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) refers to idiopathic or genetic dilation of the left ventricle…

… rather, it is an indicator of increased cardiovascular risk and a setting in which secondary hypertension is relatively common. Patients presumed to have resistant hypertension…

…during acute decompensated heart failure, but worsening renal function does not necessarily indicate reduced cardiac output or impaired renal perfusion. Many patients have preserved cardiac…

…CHA2DS2 VASc Score Calculator Congestive Heart Failure Hypertension Age = 75 years Diabetes Mellitus Stroke/TIA/TE Vascular disease Age 65 74 years Sex category…

…marker in diabetes and known atherosclerotic disease. An ABI ≤ 0.90 is diagnostic of peripheral arterial disease and at the same time indicates a substantially…

…or more major epicardial coronary arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other…

…the presence of inflammation Transferrin saturation 15–50 % < 15 % indicates iron deficiency whatever the ferritin Vitamin B12 150–650 pmol/L Grey zone 150…

…rotator cuff syndrome The subacromial space The best documented indication Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (gluteal tendinopathy) The trochanteric bursa The effect is chiefly short term…