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Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…or cardiometabolic origin. Major clinical presentations The principal outpatient presentations include: Reproducible stress induced angina or ischaemia associated with obstructive epicardial coronary disease. Angina or…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…etc. Right ventricular load is thus an issue that is raised both in outpatient and emergency care. To evaluate the presence of right ventricular load…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…Diabetes related AF may be accompanied by a greater symptom burden and AF burden, although improved metabolic and risk factor management has been associated with…

🟠 Calculate CHADS-VASc Score and evaluate indication for anticoagulation

…CHA2DS2 VASc Score Calculator Congestive Heart Failure Hypertension Age = 75 years Diabetes Mellitus Stroke/TIA/TE Vascular disease Age 65 74 years Sex category…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…only in claudication, but before every compression treatment of a leg ulcer and as a risk marker in diabetes and known atherosclerotic disease. An ABI…

🟠 BMI and Body Surface Area (BSA) calculator

…18.5 Normal weight : 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight : 25 to 29.9 Obese : 30 and above Limitations of BMI Despite its widespread use…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…or more major epicardial coronary arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other…

SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular and Renal Protection

…pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…and 7 night time values, and with a measurement interval of no more than 30 minutes throughout the 24 hours. Phenotype Office blood pressure ABPM…

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