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Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…or cold exposure. The absence of chest pain does not exclude clinically important CCS. Silent or minimally symptomatic disease may occur in patients with diabetes…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…the presence of right ventricular load. This condition implies that the right ventricle is pressure and/or volume loaded. The load itself leads to impaired…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and Pathophysiology Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cardiovascular risk condition. It is associated with a two to four…

🟠 Calculate CHADS-VASc Score and evaluate indication for anticoagulation

…point) A: Age 75 and older (2 points) D: Diabetes Mellitus (1 point) S: Prior Stroke or TIA or thromboembolism (2 points) V: Vascular disease …

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…or leg, or a non healing distal ulcer. Before compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes…

🟠 BMI and Body Surface Area (BSA) calculator

…in South Asians, who have substantially elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at BMI levels of 23 kg/m 2 or higher. Body surface…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…goals Diabetes, left ventricular function and other comorbidities Surgical risk and contraindications to prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy Patient preferences, local expertise and operator or institutional…

SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular and Renal Protection

…initiation or during routine therapy. Potential clinically important complications and treatment related syndromes include: Hypovolaemia Falls and syncope, particularly in older adults Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…Thumb ECG or event recorder, 2–4 weeks Less often, with syncope Implantable loop recorder Contraindications None. Practical obstacles are skin disease or allergy to…

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