Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and Pathophysiology Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cardiovascular risk condition. It is associated with a two to four…

…CHA2DS2 VASc Score Calculator Congestive Heart Failure Hypertension Age = 75 years Diabetes Mellitus Stroke/TIA/TE Vascular disease Age 65 74 years Sex category…

…only in claudication, but before every compression treatment of a leg ulcer and as a risk marker in diabetes and known atherosclerotic disease. An ABI…

…in South Asians, who have substantially elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes at BMI levels of 23 kg/m 2 or higher. Body surface…

…shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood…

…or more major epicardial coronary arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other…

…pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)…

…normal office blood pressure but organ damage or high risk. Treatment resistant hypertension. Suspected nocturnal hypertension or absent nocturnal dipping (diabetes, renal failure, sleep apnoea)…

…patients with diabetes and anyone with dizziness Definitions White coat hypertension: a raised office reading but normal readings at home or on 24 hour recording…

…two occasions establishes a diagnosis of diabetes HbA1c < 42 mmol/mol 42–47 = prediabetes; ≥ 48 = diabetes Total cholesterol < 5.0 mmol…