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ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

…Insulin deficiency, Addison's disease and digoxin intoxication may also cause hyperkalemia. ECG in mild hyperkalemia (potassium 6,0 mmol/L) The earliest sign of…

Common laboratory tests

…does not exclude iron deficiency in the presence of inflammation Transferrin saturation 15–50 % < 15 % indicates iron deficiency whatever the ferritin Vitamin B12 150…

Warfarin therapy

…example in newly diagnosed venous thromboembolism. 1. Check the INR before the first dose. A raised baseline value suggests liver disease or vitamin K deficiency…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant interacting medications The SLCO1B1 rs4149056…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…What usually ruins the examination is not the technique but the handling of the specimen — an aspirate that clots before the smears are made is…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…improve symptoms, functional capacity and quality of life. The underlying aetiology is heterogeneous. Chronic heart failure evaluation should therefore seek reversible or treatable causes. The…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…of at the bedside. The check against the patient's own identity immediately before transfusion is the single most important safety measure in the entire…

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