Articles & courses

Articles
ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

…cases of hypercalcemia. Less common causes are immobilization, sarcoidosis, thyrotoxicosis, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, Addison's disease, renal failure, tamoxifen, lithium, thiazide diuretics, D vitamin and…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior…

Common laboratory tests

…not exclude iron deficiency in the presence of inflammation Transferrin saturation 15–50 % < 15 % indicates iron deficiency whatever the ferritin Vitamin B12 150–650…

Warfarin therapy

…INR before the first dose. A raised baseline value suggests liver disease or vitamin K deficiency and must be investigated before treatment is started. 2…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is defined by the combination of symptoms, with or without physical signs…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses' station instead of at the bedside. The check against the patient's…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant interacting medications The SLCO1B1 rs4149056…

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