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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior…

ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

…Insulin deficiency, Addison's disease and digoxin intoxication may also cause hyperkalemia. ECG in mild hyperkalemia (potassium 6,0 mmol/L) The earliest sign of…

Common laboratory tests

…ferritin does not exclude iron deficiency in the presence of inflammation Transferrin saturation 15–50 % < 15 % indicates iron deficiency whatever the ferritin Vitamin B12…

Warfarin therapy

…Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment…

Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Four-Pillar Therapy

…on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is defined by the combination of symptoms, with or without physical signs…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses' station instead of at the bedside. The check against the patient's…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant interacting medications The SLCO1B1 rs4149056 polymorphism is associated with higher statin concentrations and may increase the risk of simvastatin related…

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