…left ventricular function, comorbidities, concomitant medications, potential drug interactions, the presumed mechanism of ischaemia, patient preferences, local availability, and cost. The pathophysiological substrate of angina…

…requirements or can do so only at the cost of elevated filling pressures. Congestion and elevated filling pressures produce the characteristic clinical syndrome of breathlessness…

…appreciable cost and procedural risk, the risk benefit balance depends almost entirely on the capacity to identify, prospectively, those individuals genuinely at risk of arrest…

…5 µg/mL, though greater arrhythmia suppression may occur up to 3.5 µg/mL at the cost of increased toxicity risk. In routine clinical…

…Deepest outcome trial evidence base of any physiological index; lesion specific and largely independent of resting hemodynamics; guideline reference standard. Requires pressure wire + vasodilator (cost…

…protects against the edges of the cast Padding The wadding that protects the skin and the bony prominences Plaster bandages and plaster slabs (calcium sulfate…

…pericardium). The most common of these are acute pericarditis (perimyocarditis), constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion and tamponade. Less common are cysts and tumors of the pericardium…

…as it serves as a quick, low cost, and reliable screening tool for body composition, risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and specific cancers…

Procedurer The ankle brachial index is the cheapest and most accessible method of objectively demonstrating peripheral arterial disease, and it is needed more often than…

…Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment…

…high risk populations, prevalence may be sufficiently high for targeted screening to be cost effective. For asymptomatic stenosis of at least 70%, the reported 5…

…between optimal blood pressure and the definition of hypertension is explained by a cost benefit equation. The benefits of interventions for hypertension exceeds the risks…

…used to estimate the energy cost of physical activity. One metabolic equivalent (1 MET) is defined as the amount of oxygen consumed while sitting at…

…and because of cost. Evidence in acute coronary syndromes and recent myocardial infarction COLCOT The COLCOT trial enrolled 4745 patients within 30 days of myocardial…