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Casting and immobilisation

…centimetres beyond the planned ends of the cast. 3. Pad evenly , 2–3 layers with about 50 per cent overlap, and add extra padding over…

🟠 BMI and Body Surface Area (BSA) calculator

…by the square of height in meters. BMI is relevant for medical prognostication as it serves as a quick, low cost, and reliable screening tool…

Antianginal Therapy: Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Nitrates, and Ranolazine

…potential drug interactions, the presumed mechanism of ischaemia, patient preferences, local availability, and cost. The pathophysiological substrate of angina may differ between patients. Myocardial ischaemia…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…against interleukin 1β, provided proof of concept but was not developed for routine coronary prevention because of fatal infections and high cost. Low dose…

Amiodarone: Loading, Maintenance Dosing and Monitoring Schedule

…5 µg/mL, though greater arrhythmia suppression may occur up to 3.5 µg/mL at the cost of increased toxicity risk. In routine clinical…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…screening to be cost effective. For asymptomatic stenosis of at least 70%, the reported 5 year ipsilateral stroke risk is 14.6%, and revascularisation may…

Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and Revascularization Decisions

…Deepest outcome trial evidence base of any physiological index; lesion specific and largely independent of resting hemodynamics; guideline reference standard. Requires pressure wire + vasodilator (cost…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…are cysts and tumors of the pericardium, as well as congenital malformations leading to an incomplete or absent pericardium. In case of suspicion of pericardial…

Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction

…do so only at the cost of elevated filling pressures. Congestion and elevated filling pressures produce the characteristic clinical syndrome of breathlessness, fatigue and oedema…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…brachial index (TBI). The digital arteries rarely calcify, which makes toe pressure the method of choice in diabetes and renal failure. A normal TBI is ≥

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