Procedurer Cryotherapy destroys tissue through intracellular ice crystal formation and through microvascular thrombosis in the treated area. The method is quick, cheap and requires no…

…been excluded. Indications Acute monoarthritis in which septic arthritis must be distinguished from crystal arthritis — the most important indication and an emergency procedure . An unclear…

Echocardiography The ultrasound transducer & piezoelectric crystals The ultrasound transducer generates ultrasound (ultrasonic) waves. The transducer is held with one hand and its position and angle…

…these waves are analyzed continuously (Figure 1). This is possible by using two different sets of piezoelectric crystals; one set for sending ultrasound and the…

…pulses. This is accomplished by using the same piezoelectric crystals to send and analyze sound waves. The crystals alternate rapidly between sending and analyzing ultrasound…

…take longer to reach the transducer. Ultrasound waves reflected from the same structure can reach the different crystals at different time points . To solve this…

…spread over a larger area. The focus can be adjusted by varying the sequence of activation of the piezoelectric crystals. The density of the ultrasound…

…a fibrous cap. The LRNC is a highly toxic, pro thrombotic milieu composed of extracellular cholesterol crystals, apoptotic and necrotic macrophage debris, and abundant tissue…