…biomarkers because they are extremely sensitive and specific for myocardial injury. Elevated levels of cardiac troponins is firm evidence of myocardial necrosis (i.e infarction…

…which is a manifestation of post cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS). PCIS is an umbrella term that also includes post pericardiotomy syndrome and post traumatic pericarditis…

…mortality and atrial fibrillation. Consequently, alcohol should not be initiated as a cardiovascular preventive strategy. A drink equivalent contains approximately 12–14 g of ethanol…

…6. Stop immediately in the event of coughing, stridor, cyanosis or marked breathlessness — withdraw the tube to the pharynx and start again . If the tube…

…or crushing, although stabbing or burning sensations may occur. Pain usually involves the central chest or epigastrium, may radiate to the arms, and less often…

…also contributes to the extension and severity of ischemic injury. In its most severe form, known as no reflow, structural and functional impairments sustain vascular…

…influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only by the epicardial obstruction but also by the vulnerability of the myocardium and coronary microcirculation…

…capillary refill and pulse, and active movement of every tendon crossing the wound. A tendon injury can be painless and gives normal passive movement — test…

…ischaemic myocardial injury may coexist, and certain disease entities can span both categories; for example, acute heart failure may occur in the context of acute…

…a crushing sensation across the precordium and may radiate to the neck, shoulder, jaw, back, upper abdomen, and left or right arm. Onset and evolution…