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Nasogastric tube

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…zone. Coronary Occlusion and Myocardial Injury STEMI generally results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…Myocardial vulnerability, largely driven by coronary microvascular dysfunction, also contributes to the extension and severity of ischemic injury. In its most severe form, known as…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only by the epicardial obstruction but also by the vulnerability of the myocardium and coronary microcirculation…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…traditionally termed Dressler syndrome , which is a manifestation of post cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS). PCIS is an umbrella term that also includes post pericardiotomy syndrome…

Wound suturing

…pulse, and active movement of every tendon crossing the wound. A tendon injury can be painless and gives normal passive movement — test actively against resistance…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as an ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in the context of a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…NSTEMI and a corresponding decrease in unstable angina in the past two decades (many of those who would previously have been classified as unstable angina…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy. Several mechanisms contribute: Direct toxic effects on cardiomyocytes Disruption of intracellular signalling and protein synthesis Electrical…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…respiration? Ischemic chest pain is usually described as pressure, squeezing, or a crushing sensation across the precordium and may radiate to the neck, shoulder, jaw…

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