…clinical relationship between AF and acute deterioration is often bidirectional. AF with a rapid ventricular response may precipitate or aggravate haemodynamic decompensation, whereas acute illness…

…below the target range, or a PaO2 below 8 kPa on an arterial blood gas. Acute critical illness during initial stabilisation — cardiac arrest, shock, sepsis…

…such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents Catheter ablation Critical illness Defibrillator shocks Strenuous exercise Cardiac contusion The diagnosis should therefore distinguish…

Clinical chemistry & laboratory medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Myocardial injury Myocardial injury is a biochemical diagnosis defined by at least one cardiac…

…and infarction ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) encompass a spectrum of clinical conditions characterized by a recent change in symptoms or signs…

…respiratory arrest. A venous blood gas can give useful information about pH and the trend in carbon dioxide, but in critical illness, marked hypoxaemia, or…

…patients. Frailty is characterized by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes. It is dynamic and may improve or worsen with illness, treatment…

…cognitive impairment, and reduced physiologic reserve may dominate clinical outcomes and limit tolerance of otherwise evidence based interventions. Hypertension and vascular disease Hypertension is the…

…support . At the same time, exacerbation is a clinical syndromic diagnosis, not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia…

…marked distress. Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome and a clinical diagnosis, often described as acute brain failure. It is precipitated by somatic illness, drugs…

The ECG book is a comprehensive e-book, covering all aspects of clinical ECG interpretation, and will take you from cell to bedside.

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Prepare for clinical practice and the Cardiology Board Exam with our comprehensive quiz, designed based on the most recent AHA, ACC, and ESC guidelines. The…