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Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…must be tapered in a controlled fashion). The management is the opposite in each case. Equivalent doses Agent Equivalent glucocorticoid dose Mineralocorticoid effect Biological half…

What is the difference between cardioversion and defibrillation for arrhythmias?

…a controlled "dose" of electricity can immediately and safely restore sinus rhythm, obviating slow drug titration and rendering the supraventricular versus ventricular distinction less critical…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…joint. Known hypersensitivity to the preparations. Relative: Poorly controlled diabetes — expect a raised blood glucose for 2–5 days. Suspected or known tendon rupture. No…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…to 20 minutes at the latest Give a full loading dose of an intravenous antiseizure drug If the seizure continues after adequate step 1 and…

ACE Inhibitors: Initiation, Titration and Creatinine Monitoring

…CKD). These agents interfere with the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…through changes in DNA acetylation. Lipid lowering efficacy Bempedoic acid is available as a single daily dose of 180 mg. The LDL C response varies…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part…

Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…The guideline framework does not use the terms “controlled resistant hypertension” for blood pressure at target on four or more drugs or “refractory hypertension” for…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…main clinical rule Two questions determine the initial management: 1. Does the patient have severe neurological symptoms that may be due to the hyponatraemia? 2…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…or new organ damage in which immediate, controlled blood pressure lowering can limit the damage. The choice of drug, the target pressure and the rate…

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