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Foreign body in the ear and nose

…that is not possible on the spot, ENT must be contacted urgently rather than a routine referral being made. Two or more magnets constitute the…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

CPR In cardiac arrest, constricted, light responsive pupils suggest a favorable prognosis. In contrast, dilated, light unresponsive pupils are indicative of cerebral anoxia or brain…

🟠 Mitral valve

Mitral valve regurgitation Primary parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Vena contracta (cm) < 0,3 0,3 0,69 0,69 EROA (cm²…

🟠 Tricuspid valve

…regurgitation PISA radius < 0,6 0,6 0,9 0,9 Vena contracta (cm) not defined < 0,7 0,7 Liver vein flow…

Electrical cardioversion

…when the shock is delivered, and that the thromboembolic risk has been dealt with before the atria begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that…

🟠 Hydralazine

…No effect on venous circulation. • May cause reflex sympathetic stimulation (can be counteracted with simultaneous administration of beta blockers). Effects Induces arteriolar vasodilation without effects…

Left ventricular diastolic function

…an intuitive basis. Consider the fact that the left ventricle contracts and ejects blood into the aorta roughly 100,000 times daily, each time overcoming…

🟠 Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary artery pressure

…regurgitation PISA radius < 0,6 0,6 0,9 0,9 Vena contracta (cm) not defined < 0,7 0,7 Liver vein flow…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…acute vessel closure and later restenosis. Coronary stents provided a scaffold that tacked down dissection flaps, counteracted elastic recoil, reduced emergency vessel closure and decreased…

SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular and Renal Protection

…The resulting glucosuria and natriuresis reduce proximal tubular workload, contract plasma volume and modestly lower blood pressure. Increased sodium delivery to the macula densa restores…

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